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A dominant dwarf shrub increases diversity of herbaceous plant communities in a Trans-Himalayan rangeland

机译：占优势的矮灌木增加了跨喜马拉雅山脉草本植物群落的多样性

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Plant communities are structured by both competition and facilitation. The interplay between the two interactions can vary depending on environmental factors, nature of stress, and plant traits. But, whether positive or negative interactions dominate in regions of high biotic and abiotic stress remains unclear.We studied herbaceous plant communities associated with a dwarf shrub Caragana versicolor in semi-arid, high altitude Trans Himalayan rangelands of Spiti, India. We surveyed 120 pairs of plots (within and outside shrub canopies) across four watersheds differing in altitude, aspect and dominant herbivores. Herbaceous communities within shrub canopies had 25% higher species richness, but similar abundance when compared to communities outside the canopy, with the shrub edge having higher diversity than the center of the canopy. Grasses and erect forbs showed positive associations with the shrub, while prostrate plants occurred at much lower abundance within the canopy. Rare species showed stronger positive associations with Caragana than abundant species. Experimental removal of herbaceous vegetation from within shrub canopies led to 42% increase in flowering in Caragana, indicating a cost to the host shrubs. Our study indicates a robust pattern of a dwarf shrub facilitating local community diversity across this alpine landscape, increasing diversity at the plot level, facilitating rare species, and yet incurring a cost to hosts from the presence of herbaceous plants. Given these large influences of this shrub on vegetation of these high altitude rangelands, we suggest that the shrub microhabitat be explicitly considered in any analyses of ecosystem health in such rangelands.
机译：植物群落由竞争和促进共同构成。两种相互作用之间的相互作用可以根据环境因素，胁迫的性质和植物性状而变化。但是，尚不清楚在高生物和非生物胁迫区域中正相互作用还是负相互作用占主导地位。我们研究了印度Spiti半干旱，高海拔跨喜马拉雅牧场中与矮生灌木锦鸡儿相关的草本植物群落。我们调查了四个海拔，纵横比和主要草食动物不同的流域的120对样地（灌木冠层的内部和外部）。灌木林冠层内的草本群落物种丰富度高出25％，但与林冠层外群落相比，物种丰富度相似，灌木边缘的多样性高于林冠中心。草和直立的前叉与灌木表现出正相关性，而strate植物在冠层内的丰度要低得多。稀有物种与锦鸡儿的正相关性强于丰富物种。从灌木林冠层内去除草本植物的实验导致柠条锦鸡儿的开花增加了42％，这表明寄主灌木的代价。我们的研究表明，矮灌木丛的稳健模式有利于整个高山景观的局部群落多样性，增加了地块水平的多样性，有利于珍稀物种，但是由于存在草本植物而给寄主带来了代价。鉴于这种灌木对这些高海拔牧场的植被造成的巨大影响，我们建议在此类牧场的任何生态系统健康分析中都应明确考虑灌木微生境。

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